The working principle and function of an expander.
Category: Industry News
Time:2024-05-16
The expander is a machine that utilizesthe mechanical work output when compressed gas expands and depressurizes.It is a machine that lowers the temperature of the gas. It is mainly used in deep low-temperature equipment, consuming the internal energy of the gas through an adiabatic expansion process, thereby achieving intense cooling and refrigeration. Expanders are classified intopiston expanders and turbine expanders.Piston expanders are suitable for medium and small high and medium pressure deep low-temperature equipment with high pressure ratios and small flow rates, while turbine expanders are suitable for devices with larger gas volumes. The main working principle of turbine expanders is to use gas at a certain pressure to perform adiabatic expansion within the turbine expander to do work, consuming the internal energy of the gas itself, thus causing the gas to cool intensely to achieve refrigeration. The energy output from the expander can be recovered by a co-axial booster, generator, or consumed by braking fans, oil, etc.
In addition, the screw expander is a new type of power machine that relies on the volume expansion of gas to drive the screw rotor to rotate, converting thermal energy into mechanical energy, and is widely used in industrial waste heat recovery, geothermal power generation, biomass power generation, and other fields. The main advantages of screw expanders include high entropy efficiency, adaptability to gas-liquid two-phase regions, self-cleaning ability, simplicity, and reliability, but they are relatively expensive and suitable for medium and low-pressure ranges.
In summary, the expander reduces the pressure and temperature of the gas through the adiabatic expansion process, achieving refrigeration and cooling, and is a key device in deep low-temperature equipment and gas separation liquefaction processes.
key word: The working principle and function of an expander.
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